There
is another way of looking at bonding in benzene that preserves the
language of single and double bonds. This is to say that an of the
Keku16 and Dewar structures are partially correct, but that no one
of them alone is a sufficiently good description of reality. The
real benzene molecule in some way is a combination of all of them,
like a mule is a combination of a horse and a donkey. Unfortunately,
the term "resonance" has become associated with this viewpoint,
and these partially correct structures are called resonance structures.
This term gives the quite erroneous idea of a flipping back and
forth among the several structures. The benzene molecule contains
features of all five resonance structures, but it no more flips
back and forth between them, than a mule "resonates" before your
eyes from horse to donkey and back again. Nevertheless, the term
resonance is so firmly embedded in the language of chemistry that
we shall use it too. The 40 kcal mole
of extra stability of the molecules over that of a KekuIe structure
is called the resonance energy of the benzene molecules.
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