1. If the HF molecule had its real bond length of 0.92 A, but the bond were 75% ionic (instead of 41%), what would be the observed dipole moment of HF?

2. The observed dipole moment of the HCl molecule is 1.07 D, and the distance between atoms is 1.27A. What is the percent ionic character of the H-Cl bond? Is this more, or less, ionic than the H-F bond? Chlorine is the element analogous to fluorine in the third row of the periodic table (see the end of Chapter 3). What does your calculation tell you about the relative electronegativities of F and Cl?

3. If each of the O-H bonds in water is 33% ionic, as was stated previously in the chapter, what is the bond dipole moment for each of the O-H bonds? (The O-H bond length is 0.96 A.)