Sodium Through Argon
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39. When gasoline is burned, carbon and hydrogen are oxidized. Oxidation and reduction always must take place together. Then what substance is reduced in the burning of gasoline? 40. What is the oxidation number of lithium in lithium metal? In lithium chloride? In lithium hydroxide? In lithium oxide? 41. What is the oxidation number of fluorine in F2? In HF? In LiF? 42. What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in H2? In HF? In LiH (lithium hydride) ? 43. What must be the sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a neutral molecule? In an ion with a charge of -3? 44. Is a good oxidizing agent a substance that is easily oxidized, or easily reduced? Is O2 a good oxidizing agent, or a good reducing agent? 45. What is the "pseudo-ion" method for calculating oxidation numbers of atoms in a molecule? What is done with bonding electron pairs between atoms of unequal electronegativity? Between atoms of the same electronegativity? |
46. How do the oxidation numbers of Cl compare in HCl and the four oxyacids of chlorine? 47. How do the oxidation numbers of O compare in O2, water, and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2? What is the highest oxidation number that oxygen exhibits in its compounds? What is its lowest oxidation number? 48. In what way are the maximum and minimum oxidation numbers of an element often related to its electronic structure? What usually are the most common oxidation numbers for an element? 49. Why do O and F not show the same maximum oxidation numbers that S and Cl in the third row do? Explain in terms of atomic properties. 50. What are the oxidation numbers of nitrogen in the various oxides of nitrogen? In what common nitrogen compound does N have an oxidation number of -3?
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