Sodium Through Argon
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QUESTIONS 1. In what way are the third-row elements like the corresponding second-row elements? In what ways are they different? 2. Why is aluminum more metallic than boron, even though they both have the same outer electron-shell structure? 3. Is the metallic radius of magnesium larger, or smaller, than its ionic radius? Why? 4. Is the covalent bond radius of sulfur larger, or smaller, than its ionic radius? Why? 5. Why is the electronegativity of boron more like that of silicon than that of aluminum? Which third-row element has the same electro negativity as carbon? What is this pattern of similarity between rows called? 6. If F- and Na+ are isoelectronic, and have the same electron arrangement, why is Na+ smaller? |
7. Why is sodium metal softer than lithium? Why is sodium softer than magnesium? 8. Why is the maximum oxygen coordination number of sodium 6, whereas that for phosphorus, in the same third row, is only 4? Do any second-row elements have maximum coordination numbers of 4 for oxygen? 9. What makes aluminum especially unreactive? Does iron have the same advantage? 10. In what way is MgO more like Li2O than like BeO? Which thirdrow oxide most resembles BeO? 11. What arrangement about a central ion does VSEPR theory predict for four electron pairs, either lone pairs or bonding pairs? What arrangement is predicted for six electron pairs? Give an example of a third-row compound with this geometry. 12. What species of alurninum-oxygen ion is found in strongly acid solutions? What species is present in a strong base? Why is aluminum oxide insoluble in pure water? |
