8. Of the three compounds with -OH groups, NaOH, , and , one is an acid, one is a base and one is neither. Explain in terms of molecular structure and bonding.

9. What are structural isomers? Why do the isomers of , which were mentioned in this chapter, have such different chemical and physical properties?

10. What is an ether, and how is it made from alcohols? Why is the ether that is made from polar alcohol molecules nonpolar? How does this affect the solvent properties of ethers?

11. How are aldehydes made from alcohols? How are ketones made?

12. Why are aldehydes and ketones polar, whereas ethers are not? Why are aldehydes and ketones susceptible to chemical attack?

13. What compounds are produced when aldehydes are oxidized? Can ketones be oxidized under similar comditions?

14. Why is CH-CO-OH an acid, whereas CH-CH-OH is not? How does the -CO- group contribute to making the molecule acidic?